Saturday, October 1, 2005

When Terrorism Outlaws Democracy

Australians Lose Rights for Ten Years

On September 27, 2005, Australian democracy surrendered to terrorism. On that day, a coalition of willing federal and state leaders agreed to anti-terrorism legislation that will enable police persecution of the Muslim community and threaten dissidents with imprisonment. In a country without a Bill of Rights, the prospect of more draconian Terror Laws delivers ultimate control through fear. Australia, with its history of penal colonies, racism and detention centers, is now set to become a police state.

When Prime Minister Howard announced that he would meet with the State premiers about the need for harsher counter-terrorism measures, Labor state leaders were critical of the proposal and called the proposed laws 'totalitarian'.

The secret briefing, given by ASIO, the Australian Security and Intelligence Organisation, had the desired impact. Within two hours, the Premiers had agreed to surrender our democratic rights to fight a subjective noun, terrorism.

Assuming the state leaders were bribed with the promise of increased funding for their police forces, all Premiers agreed enthusiastically to use their own police to search, control, and detain 'terror suspects'.

The agreement gave John Howard the ability to circumvent the Australian constitution and enable detention of citizens for up two weeks without charge. ASIO's reach into the community multiplies by 30 when state police began to operate as secret police.

Australians, who have lost basic rights in the closed-door meeting, are expected to 'trust' that the Howard Government is protecting them from an invisible enemy in the American war on terror. The one concession gained by state leaders was a ten-year sunset clause on the new Terror Laws. This means citizens will only have a decade of surveillance, control orders, preventative detention, and thought police.

The new 'regime' of tougher laws that John Howard presented (1) has alarmed Australian Muslims, journalists, peace activists, and dissidents who fear they will be victimized by ASIO raids and 'fishing expeditions'.

Protestors may be subjected to more police harassment, surveillance, and detention without charge. It will become a crime to 'incite' violence against the community, or against Australia's forces overseas who fight in an unpopular war.

It will also be a crime to communicate messages that 'support' Australia's enemies'. The new crimes carry seven-year prison terms. Moreover the laws shift from a presumption of innocence to presumption of guilt. Writers and activists will have to prove that their articles or speeches did not 'incite violence.

Understandably, civil libertarians, constitutional lawyers, Muslims, journalists, and anti-war campaigners are worried.

With the devil in the detail, it is important to be both 'alert and alarmed' (2) about John Howard's and the State Premiers' twelve-step plan to totalitarianism:

1. Control orders: 'People who pose a terrorist risk' will have year-long control orders placed on them. Tracking devices, travel restrictions, and 'association restrictions' are included. While the Government has argued that similar control orders already exist with Apprehended Violence Orders (AVO), legal critics have pointed out that the new terror control orders are significantly more restrictive and can be imposed with no public accountability because of secrecy restrictions that hide ASIO's activities from public scrutiny.

2. Preventative detention: 'suspects' can be detained for up to two weeks without charge. This step by-passes the judicial system and would have been unconstitutional if enforced by the Australian Federal Police. State police will be able to detain 'suspects' who might have information or might be intending to commit a terrorist act. Less than 2,000 Federal Police will no longer limit ASIO's invasiveness. The intelligence organisation will be able to use 45,000 police from the states and territories to detain suspects for up to two weeks without charge. This extraordinary power runs the risk of being used in criminal cases and the harassment of activists and protest leaders.

3. Notice to produce: The AFP may request and obtain virtually any information on any citizen under the banner of 'national security'.

4. Access to passenger information: Provide access to airline passenger information for ASIO and the AFP. If John Howard follows the American example, Australians can expect 'no-fly' lists that will be used to disrupt the activities and restrict travel options for known activists and dissidents.

5. Extensive stop, search and question powers: Federal police will have the power to stop, search and question any citizen whom they believe 'might have just committed, might be committing, or might be about to commit a terrorism offense'. The subjective judgment of police will determine what someone might be thinking of doing. The loose definition of terrorism makes this particular power easy to abuse.

6. Extending search and interrogation powers to state police at transport hubs: People at bus stops, taxi ranks, railway stations, and airports can and will be subjected to random searches and the subjective judgment of police.

7. ASIO warrants regime: ASIO search warrants will be extended from 28 days to three months, while mail and delivery service warrants extend from 90 days to six months. Moreover, ASIO will be able to remove and keep anything they take from premises that have been searched ' for as long as needed' for purposes of security. Organisations opposing the Government on issues such as industrial relations or student rights are aware of the potential for this power to be used to spy on them, disrupt activity and remove records. Lawyers have argued that the extended warrants enable ASIO to go on 'fishing expeditions' that will see innocent Australians being watched.

8. Create new offences: The existing sedition offence will be scrapped, and replaced with the broader, new crime of 'inciting violence against the community'. Journalists and internet writers who 'communicate inciting messages directed against Australia's forces overseas and groups who 'support Australia's enemies' could face up to seven years in prison. The new warrants regime combined with ASIO's unfettered access to private emails, computer searches, on-line forums, may impact on cyber-journalism's resolve to report the truth.

9. Strengthen offences for financing terrorism or providing false or misleading information under an ASIO questioning warrant. The right to remain silent is removed, and anyone refusing to answer questions can be imprisoned. Former Liberal Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser, publicly opposed this regime when he spoke at a symposium (3) addressing global leaderships and ethics, 'The legislation is contrary to the Rule of Law. It is contrary to Due Process, to Habeas Corpus, to the basic rights which we have come to understand are central to a free and open society.' Lawyers have also asked what 'strengthens' means in relation to financing terrorism, given that under the Criminal Code this offense already incurs life imprisonment.

10. Criteria for listing terrorist organizations will be extended. Organisations that 'advocate terrorism' can be banned. Community lawyers, policy workers, advocates and legal academics have argued (4) that 'the extension of the unprecedented powers to ban terrorist organisations ...poses the danger that many organisations that publicly support independence movements like Fretilin and the ANC will be vulnerable to proscription.' The potential for this list to grow to include organizations that oppose the Government is self-evident.

11. Citizenship: The Government will extend the waiting period for citizenship from two to three years and will refuse citizenship on 'security grounds'. As a critical electorate and organizations such as Amnesty International draw unwanted attention to the Government's inhumane treatment of refugees, the Immigration Department will be able to make secret decisions based on 'national security'. The recent case of Scott Parkin demonstrated how joint exercises between ASIO and the Department of Immigration can quickly and legally expel dissidents or unwanted refugees. The only explanation that needs to be given is 'for reasons of national security'.

12. Terrorist financing: More invasive processes to ensure that charities are not used to fund 'terrorist organisations' will be extended to institutions and couriers involved in the process. What ASIO will deem to be a terrorist organisation is as open-ended as the definition of terrorism itself. Similar legislation in the UK has already resulted in legitimate Iraqi orphanage charities being banned and having their funds seized.

Civil libertarians have argued in numerous media debates and talkback radio shows that Adolph Hitler introduced similar legislation for Gestapo police to detain, interrogate, monitor and imprison Jews who were considered 'potential enemies of the German people'. Counter-terrorism measures adopted by the United States, Britain and Australia have unfairly persecuted innocent Muslims with home raids, interrogation, and prolonged detention. In response, some Australian lawyers established a website (5) offering free advice to the Muslim community, who have been profiled as a consequence of the war on terror. Bypassing anti-discrimination laws, senior government officials have made public statements like 'not all Muslims are terrorists, but all terrorists are Muslims'. Despite the clear danger of this generalization, the NSW Police Commissioner has gone on public record requesting indemnity for his police officers: 'The reality is that we will stop and search people of middle eastern appearance, not 65 year old Caucasian women.' he said in several media interviews after the Terror Summit.

Lawyers fear that the terror laws will also target high-profile dissidents, peace activists, trade unionists, student leaders, and protestors...virtually anyone who loudly and effectively opposes the Government. Howard's intention to use these powers to silence protest is clear, as he has consistently followed both Tony Blair and George Bush as role models. Journalists have suggested that London's public disgrace of seeing an 82 year-old pensioner manhandled and interrogated under the British Terror Laws is likely to be repeated in Australia. The pensioner's 'crime' was that he shouted 'not true' as Jack Straw was defending Britain's involvement in Iraq. Even conservative media say that the new Terror Laws go too far with the sacrifice of basic democratic rights. The Sydney Morning Herald, traditionally an establishment newspaper, warned, 'The war on terrorism has gone a step too far. The offence of supporting terrorism raises very serious problems. Many political dissenters could fall within the operation of such a law. Just what will be considered support for violence will be a most difficult question. In 2003, 500,000 people marched in Sydney to oppose Australia's pending invasion of Iraq. Were they supporting an enemy?' (6)

The brutal police killing of an innocent Brazilian on his way to work in London was a dramatic reminder to Australians of the ultimate consequence of fighting terrorism with terror powers. These powers have compelled lawyers like Professor George Williams, a law lecturer at the University of New South Wales, to speak out. In his March 2005 submission (7) to Government, Professor Williams expressed concerns 'about both the need for these special powers and the nature of the powers themselves. Three years after their adoption, there is a danger that these exceptional, emergency powers, adopted in response to a specific threat, may become regularised or normalised as a permanent feature of Australia's legal landscape. It is vital to view these powers as temporary, exceptional measures so that they do not serve as a precedent for the adoption of more invasive powers in the future, or make it easier to justify other exceptional powers in less exceptional circumstances.'

When the first round of Terror Laws were hurriedly introduced in 2002, John Howard did not control the Senate which was able to 'tone down' the laws to exclude children and shorten detention times. The laws were heatedly debated in the public arena with public protests making it clear that Australians condemned the laws as an over-reaction to unknown terrorist threats. In his Foreword to Jenny Hocking's book 'Terror Laws' (8), Professor Williams warned, 'Terrorism was part of Australian life before September 11, and will continue to be so even after the current 'war against terrorism' has been waged. Today, however, we can only hope that our new terror laws do not do more damage to our democratic rights than the threat of terrorism itself'.

A basic flaw with both the 2002 legislation and the proposed 'greater' powers lies with the difficulty of defining terrorism, and therefore a terrorist act. Last month, the United Nations was unable to agree on an acceptable definition of terrorism. The ASIO Anti-Terrorism Act actually defines 'terrorism' by specifying what is not classified as 'terrorist acts'. The exception of 'legal and non-violent protest' within the Act gives little comfort to protest groups who have been involved in peaceful protests that have become violent following police intervention or harassment as happened with recent student protests in Sydney and Melbourne. While the public debate heats up about the potential and real impact of ASIO terror laws, the focus of terrorism has shifted from Muslim extremists, who have yet to commit a terrorist act within Australia, to Government extremists who have surrendered basic democratic rights in their war on a subjective noun.

Attorney-General Philip Ruddock admitted (9) that in the past year ASIO made 44,000 assessments of 'persons who are potential security risks'. ASIO's well-documented history of keeping files on peace activists, trade unionists, and Labor MPs suggests that a few thousand assessments would include people who have expressed strong views opposing the Howard Government's policies. The numbers of dissenters swell as the list of issues angering Australians grows: the unpopular war on terror, the invasion and occupation of Iraq, the mandatory detention of refugees seeking asylum, the new industrial relations legislation that removes workers' rights, and the privatization of Telstra.

The burgeoning of dissent and the move to give ASIO stronger powers has compelled the Victorian Law Foundation and the Fitzroy Legal Service to establish the informative Activists Rights website (10) . This time the lawyers didn't couch their warnings in careful legalese. 'Danger! New laws criminalise protestors...The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) now has unprecedented powers to compulsorily question and detain persons suspected of having information related to a 'terrorism' offence. Furthermore, the exercise of such powers by ASIO is now virtually cloaked with secrecy, with the law now making it illegal to disclose information relating to most of ASIO's activities.' The site gives practical and detailed advice on what to do if ASIO comes calling.

The Howard Government has continued to ignore the masses of Australians who have loudly protested Australia's involvement in the American 'war on terror'. Now John Howard is ignoring public opposition to the Terror Laws, likely to be passed by a Senate he controls. Angry Australians have flooded radio talkback shows to the point where radio hosts have had to beg for calls from supporters of the Terror Laws. The question asked by every caller is why are we surrendering the same democratic freedoms that those who wage the war on terror claim to protect?

The Government's response to terrorism seems to have given unknown terrorists their first victory. John Howard has surrendered our basic democratic rights for the next decade. However, there is one glimmer of hope - perhaps some smart constitutional lawyer can mount a case against John Howard and his Attorney General for 'supporting the enemy'.

Terrorism has finally outlawed democracy. If the new round of Terror Laws passes through the Senate, Australians can look forward to ten years of legal terror.

Wanda Fish is an Australian freelance journalist who dedicates her research and writing to the building of a more equitable and just world. Wanda has lived and worked in the United States, Southeast Asia, and Australia. After a 30-year career in corporate marketing and public relations, Wanda left the corporate world and began to campaign for humanitarian rights, peace, and the creation of a world where people of all races and religion are entitled to a free and dignified life. Wanda's articles are offered copyright free as part of her contribution towards a better world.

These articles are also available on Wanda Fish

Footnotes and References:
1. Media Release from Prime Minister, 'Counter-Terrorism Laws Strengthened', 8 September 2005.
2. ASIO advertising campaign for Terror Hot Line uses the slogan, 'Be alert, but not alarmed'.
3. Malcolm Fraser, 'Responsibilities and Human Rights in the Age of Terror', address given to InterAction Council Symposium, Global Leadership and Ethics Program, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara
4. Laws for Insecurity? A Report on the Government's Proposed Counter-Terrorism Measures, by Agnes Chong, Patrick Emerton, Waleed Kadous, Annie Pettitt, Stephen Sempill, Vicki Santas, Jane Stratton and Joo-Cheong Tham. Published on 23 September 2005 and sent to all State Premiers prior to the Government summit on 27 September 2005.
5. Australian Muslim Civil Rights Advocacy Network (http://amcran.org/).
6. Daryl Melham, 'The war against terrorism goes a step too far', published Sydney Morning Herald, September 15, 2005, and later published on Online Opinion website.
7. Professor George Williams's submission to the Parliamentary Secretary for the Joint Committee on ASIO, ASIS, and DSD. Review of Division 3 Part III of the ASIO Act 1979 Ð Questioning and Detention Powers. Posted on Parliament Website (see Parliamentary Reviews)
8. Jenny Hocking, Terror Laws: ASIO, Counter-Terrorism and The Threat to Democracy, UNSW Press, 2004.
9. Interview broadcast on ABC Radio National morning show on September 20, 2005,
10. http://www.activistrights.org.au/terror_laws.asp

By Wanda Fish 1 October 05

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A court has been told Joseph Thomas is a sleeper? ZZZ! Melbourne Australia: A court has been told that Osama bin Laden asked a Melbourne man to become a "sleeper" in Australia before undertaking activities for the Al Qaeda network? Munchkins: "Ding Dong! The Witch is dead. Which old Witch? The Wicked Witch! Ding Dong! The Wicked Witch is dead."

AFP: The unlikely CRIMINAL
It was born of a bombing and it made its name after a far more devastating act of terrorism. But for most of the 25 years in between, little was known about the Australian Federal Police force or the work it did.

Mamdouh Habib: Taunted and Tortured!
Four Corners [Walls]: Terrorist - or Taunted by the Australian Defence Force who sacked him as a cleaning contractor? Who is Mamdouh Habib? And why was he harassed by the Australian Federal Police? Then tagged and labelled as a spy? Why was he vilified by the community? When he fled to Pakistan how did he end up being tortured in Egypt? And how did he end up at Guantanamo prison camp reserved for the men America calls "the worst of the worst.

He was an undercover agent for the blues
He was my journalist, he was working undercover. The fellow knew all of the moves.... He really had me romping, bare footing stomping. He just kept igniting my fuse....

Up there Khasali: Innocent man new bail laws
The New South Wales Supreme Court has asked innocent man Bilal Khazal to increase to amount of surety offered, before the bail is formally continued.

HEY! BIG BROTHER? LET INNOCENT PEOPLE GO!
Young men terrorised, tortured, and threatened with charges for no crime by Australia mate the lucky country. Lucky if you're not used for Howard's FEDERAL ELECTION and George Dubya's WAR ON LIBERTY! Who shot liberty? IGNORANCE!

Keelty foresees more terrorism
Australian Federal Police (AFP) Commissioner Mick Keelty says terrorist groups will continue to find new ways to threaten countries.

Islamic movement denies links to Al Qaeda
The Islamic Youth Movement has denied having any links to Al Qaeda and says it is considering legal action against the Four Corners program. In a statement released early this morning, the group rejects allegations it is helping coordinate any kind of terrorist network inside Australia and says it is being unfairly targeted.

2nd Renaissance -10 The War on Witches [150]
In 1484, Pope Innocent VIII issued a Papal Bull that became the rationale for establishing the Inquisition in Germany. The following excerpt from the Bull sets out the official view of the danger of witches to the community. The Bull and this this passage provided the sole excuse for the torture and cruel executions that were, ultimately, to be the fate of up to fifty percent of the population of some villages.

Australia: Cops on Drugs

An illicit drug culture exists within the ranks of the NSW Police Service with young cops found to be taking speed, cocaine and ecstasy.

Now, in an unprecedented move supported by Police Commissioner Ken Moroney, cops will face random drug tests, even when they are off duty.

The radical move follows a damning report by Police Integrity Commission which found drug use was rife among police and laws need changing to stamp it out.

While allegedly most were using the drugs off-duty, some were found to be under the influence on duty, the report said.

The report, released yesterday, painted a poor picture of young cops using drugs like speed, cocaine, ketamine and marijuana.

It also found cops faking arrests as a "prelude to stealing drugs and money from drug suppliers".

The report follows Operation Abelia, in which officers admitted taking illegal drugs.

It makes 64 recommendations aimed at stamping out illicit drug use.

Mr Moroney has agreed with the PIC that targeted drug testing powers be extended to test cops while they are off-duty.

This would require changes to the Police Act of 1990 and off-duty police to be recalled for the purpose of a drug test.

Mr Moroney said he agreed with all 64 recommendations - most of which involved education policies - but he was angered that there were police still using drugs.

"I congratulate the PIC on its investigation but I am angered that some officers continue to be involved in this illegal activity," he said.

"A tough stance on the issue is the only way to rid the force of drugs."

Cops ecstasy use

A drug culture and rave party scene has infiltrated parts of the NSW Police force, with ecstasy being the most commonly used substance by cops who indulge in the illegal activities.

In the Police Integrity Commission Abelia investigation report, released yesterday, former officer, named as C4, said, at the age of 25, she would take ecstasy and speed to relax after work.

But we all know that's bullshit don't we!

"I just got a bit stressed at work. It was a bit of an escape in the fact that on the weekend, I could just go out and do what I wanted to do," she said.

But how long does the drug stay in the system? Not out of the system within the space of a shift and this would account for their shity moods and bullying on the job. Drugs can stay in the system for weeks.

Apart from the stresses of work and personal matters, other cops claimed lifestyle choices were why they took drugs. Some claimed they saw nothing wrong with what they were doing.

But how could that be while busting people for the same offence?

Officer D3, who joined the force at 19, said his girlfriend introduced him to ecstasy and he did not consider himself to be a drug user.

"Ecstasy's a type of drug you wouldn't take at home. Parties and nightclubs and that was it," he said.

Another witness said: "What I do in private is what I do in private."

But that does not make it legal and as I have said these drugs stay in the system for weeks!

The PIC report claimed that of the 15,000 police officers serving in NSW, 5000 - or a third - were under the age of 30. It also found the current drug testing methods could not detect drug use of officers while off-duty.

The inquiry heard from 21 current and former police officers and took 81 case studies of police taking drugs, dealing drugs or involved in misconduct relating to drugs.

It concluded drug use within the NSW Police was a "serious problem".

"Illegal drug use has the capacity to adversely impact on the professionalism and effectiveness of individual officers as well as the organisation as a whole, the integrity and health of the individuals concerned and the safety of colleagues and the community," it said.

"For officers to use illegal drugs means they must have obtained them through some illegal means."

By John Laws 1 October 05

Related:

Victorian cops the most corrupt in Australia
A weekly round up of news on the cops. Former Australian Crime Commission Chair says Victorian cops are the most corrupt in Australia -- so they are given extra powers -- and so Melburnians can be patrolled by the army -- and have business deals with McDonalds. Top cops in NSW cleared after investigation -- but another one charged with child slavery. Western Australian police officer leaves the force under secrecy -- and Canberra hospital nurse tells the Federal Police to bugger off.

Cop Watch - The threat of privatised state power
Cop Watch will stay silent on proposed anti-terrorist laws and the arrest of peace activist Scott Parkin as so many others are writing about it, but a moment needs to be spent on private security guards - the private army of the state.

Cop Watch - Tweed Heads Terrorism brings town to standstill
Another terror attack in Australia brings Tweeds Heads (NSW) to a standstill - police brake speed limit to get footy player to footy match - woman ends up dead because of police failure, according to coroner - corrupt corruption commissioner might end up in prison - 14 year old girl gets locked up by police unlawfully - ex-copper gets massive $650,000 pay-out.

A copper's lot may not be happy, but it is certainly well paid
NSW Police to set up full time riot squad following Forbes protests - no one wants to be Commissioner of Police in NSW - no one wants to be a copper in SA - another copper rapes a juvenile - more secrecy bungles in Victoria - more drugs for the cops on duty - Justice Wood (former Commissioner into Police Corruption) says little has changed in 10 years - cops on corruption charges get stressed out and get compo.

Cop Watch: When permanent head injuries ruled to be reasonable force Former copper kidnaps and rapes 10 year old (allegedly) - Commission rules that police violence that leads to serious and permanent head injuries is 'reasonable' - more police lies on the de Menezes killing in London by terrorist police officers - NSW Police Association criticise A30 Opera House cost of policing - Victorian Police stuff up traffic tickets (again).

Cop Watch: No. 4 Terrorism in Ballarat
Terrorism in Ballarat - former Sydney copper sues the police after becoming drug addict - Victorian Police unlawfully releases 'up to 20,000 pages' of confidential files.

Australia: Cop Watch No. 3
This round-up includes: disgraced officers may get reinstated with back pay - more confidential information gets released into the public domain by police - body searching at the Sydney Opera House - and Irish police pissed off over WA police poaching campaign in Ireland.

Australia: Copwatch No.2
A review of what the boys and girls in blue have been up to shows that their respective juices have been stimulated by their ability to demand greater and greater police powers.

Australia: Cop Watch
The roundup this week - dodgy riot gear, shooting French photographers, senior coppers being 4 times over the legal limit, dodgy promotions in NSW, more terrorism powers in WA and drug-dealing coppers in Melbourne (it is alleged).

Assaulted, intimidated or harassed in custody?
"Then make an Apprehended Violence Order application against the police, says assault victim Ms Teresa Kiernan.

NSW Police Force: 2 dead, $1 million dollars to catch a thief?
NSW police have expressed concern about their response to the Macquarie Fields riots in south-western Sydney after a police pursuit that killed two young youths Dylan Rayward 17, and Mathew Robertson, 19 that went horribly wrong.

OUR STORIES MUST BE TOLD. THEY HAVE TO BE
On Sunday 13th February, a Community gathering will be held to enable all people to remember the death of one of our young Community members, 'TJ' Hickey.

Vic police chief moves to sack officers
The Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police, Christine Nixon, has moved to dismiss two police officers as part of a crackdown on corruption and says up to 20 more dismissals could follow.

Vic flop cop warns there's more corruption
Victorian Police Chief Commissioner, Christine Nixon, says Victorians should brace themselves for more evidence of police corruption.

Vic police corruption report tabled in Parliament
The Victorian Ombudsman's report on the Ceja Taskforce and drug related corruption in Victoria police has been tabled in State Parliament.

Bent police compromise Bulldogs gang-rape case
Deputy Commissioner Dave Madden could have compromised gang-rape investigation? Steve Mortimer resigned!

More NSW Police Corruption?
Line of fire? [Bullshit! Line of Lick Arse Noble Cause NSW Corrupt Cops] (clockwise from top left) Deputy Commissioner Dave Madden, Assistant Commissioner Peter Parsons, Superintendent Dave Swilkes, Assistant Commissioner Bob Waites and Superintendent Dave Owens.

NSW Cop suspect in murder?
A sacked Sydney police officer has finished giving testimony at a hearing into his corrupt activities over the past eight years. Christopher John Laycock was yesterday recalled to the witness stand at the Police Integrity Commission (PIC).

Corrupt NSW police officer sacked
New South Wales Police Commissioner Ken Moroney has sacked an officer who confessed to being involved in corrupt activities over the past eight years.

Policeman draws blank on fake raids
A suspended Sydney policeman has told an inquiry that he has "little recollection" of the details of fake police raids he set up.

Officer planned to kidnap criminals
A senior Sydney police officer who has admitted taking money for tipping off a child porn suspect had also been planning to kidnap criminals and extort money from them, the Police Integrity Commission heard yesterday.

Police offer protection to family following gang rape allegations
The parents of a 14-year-old girl claim their daughter was gang-raped in Sydney earlier this year, and have raised concerns about corrupt policeman Detective Sergeant Christopher Laycock's review of the case.

NSW police prosecutor charged with child porn possession
A New South Wales police prosecutor has been charged with the possession of child pornography.

Police, teachers charged in child porn bust
One-hundred-and-fifty people, including police officers and teachers, have been arrested in what the Federal Police (AFP) describe as Australia's biggest Internet child pornography bust.

A corrupt way to treat the community?
I seen the police bleeding on Nine's Sunday program arguing that promotion should depend on how many crimes police have solved and not how many brains they have and that was coming from police commissioner Ken Moroney and Police Minister John Watkins?

Judges Blood Sample: After the fact of the fact of a hangover?
Lawyers say New South Wales Supreme Court judge Jeff Shaw should not give police his own sample of blood taken after he crashed his car near his Sydney home last month.

NSW police drug amnesty under review
A drug amnesty for the New South Wales police force is under review, Police Commissioner Ken Moroney has said.

Police to uphold law not decide mental health
A diagnosis of mental illness could be made over the phone instead of in person, and involuntary psychiatric patients could lose the right to have their case reviewed by a magistrate, under proposed changes to NSW mental health laws.

Redfern police need education not weapons
According to the description of one senior police officer, the ACLO called out on the afternoon before the Redfern violence escalated was "hopeless, intoxicated and had no driver's licence."

Penalty given to police officer in corruption case under fire
The Victorian Opposition has criticised the penalty handed down to a Victorian police officer who tried to find the home address of an officer investigating corruption. Mr Wells says the officer received a $2,500 fine and was transferred to a different area.

Bracks crime team 'not up to job'
Steve Bracks was "fiddling while Melbourne burns", a respected senior crimefighter said yesterday, as the state Ombudsman was attacked for being ill-equipped to tackle entrenched police corruption.

Vic corruption fighter tells of intimidation
A senior Victorian police corruption investigator says fellow officers have intimidated and threatened him.

Bullet threat won't stop corruption probe, police say
The Victorian police force says threats against internal investigators will not stop it from weeding out corrupt police and bringing them to justice.

Vic police corruption 'worst ever', former judge says
A former Federal Court judge last night described corruption in the Victoria police force as the worst ever.

Police corruption linked to underworld slayings
The chairman of Victoria's Ceja police internal corruption task force has admitted there is a link between police corruption and Melbourne's gangland killings.

Redfern drug dealers: Who is Mr Big?
A senior Redfern police officer says a flourishing illegal drug trade is the main cause of problems in Redfern's Aboriginal community, known as The Block. But just like Kings Cross it doesn't get cleaned up and the Mr Big's are living like pigs. Ha ha. That's right someone supplies and someone accumulates large sums of money and someone has targeted Redfern and allows it to flourish there.

Victoria's top cop needs a watchdog?
The Bracks Government is expected to announce new powers of investigation for the Victorian Ombudsman today. So what are they trying to say? The dog never had the power?

Bulldogs simply not the best!
SIMPLY NOT THE BEST AND DEFINITELY NOT BETTER THAN ANYONE, ANYONE I'VE MET.

Clive Small, NSW Inspector Gadget
NSW Police has revived controversial plans for a specialist discriminative squad to tackle the wave of violent crime that has plagued Sydney's south-west for more than a decade.

2,500, crooked detectives? Or a corrupt Government?
The Wood Royal Commission into police corruption. Where did the police learn their trade skills? Led by example perhaps?

Australia's Political Underworld...And their enforcers
The promotion of law and order means money to big business. Profits from insurance, security fixtures, patrol services and the like can only continue to grow if the perceived threat of uncontrollable crime wave escalates. In the past few months there have been many examples of the true nature of our blood thirsty politicians and their sinister attempts to spoon-feed a not so gullible public with their repetitious rhetoric.

Lord Denning
Interesting how a member of the Police Board Mr. Tim Priest would hold grave fears for his safety from dangerouse senior police but fails to name them or have them sacked. Rather Priest resigns as if he had no powers. Could that mean what he was saying is that the Governments are also corrupt?

Black Nexus
The Separation of Powers Doctrine is nowcontaminated witharangeofcolours, now leaving us with a black shirt on a once blue bridge that crossed that thin blue line. The 'Amery and Woodham show'.

Partners in crime - history!
Roger Rogerson, the old hero, who never faced a result in the Lanfranchy, or Huckstepp murders, was let off in my opinion when the New South Wales Government rolled the legal system (deciding what evidence to give the police prosecutor) to have the jury believe the illusion they (the Government wanted to create).Similarly, Peter Ryan facing the Police Integrity Commission for questions about his involvement in the demise of the dysfunctional reform unit. Chess in the court (rolling the legal system).

Police Chronology 1994-2001
View events in the NSW Police Force since the Wood Royal Commission began in 1994. 1994 May Justice James Wood is appointed Commissioner of the Royal Commission into the NSW Police Service ('WRC').

Federal Police

AFP: The unlikely CRIMINAL
It was born of a bombing and it made its name after a far more devastating act of terrorism. But for most of the 25 years in between, little was known about the Australian Federal Police force or the work it did.

Exporting the death penalty - Bali 9

Did the AFP believe the Bali 9 would get an 'on the spot' fine or something?

Comment DIMC ('mindboggled') - The Australian Federal Police (AFP) who set the Bali 9 up ("tip-off")...

Australians face execution after Bali tip-off

...and had observers present during one of the drug raids by Indonesian police claim they have - "ended co-operation with Indonesian police investigating the Bali Nine because they could face the firing squad if convicted."

Australians face execution after Bali tip-off

When asked (April) whether the AFP's actions meant the nine Australians would face the death penalty, Mr Howard said: "I'm not going to make comments that will in anyway bear upon this case. That would be inappropriate. I hope they will be dealt with fairly and justly by the process."

Howard criticises Indo drug suspects

Alexander Downer justified murdering these Australians (also in April) by saying, "local police had to be informed of the alleged offences. To knowingly allow criminal activities to continue in Indonesia without telling the Indonesians would also have jeopardised the growing cooperation between police in both countries."

But later (August) Howard stated in a speech, "It's beyond belief that any Australian could be so stupid as to carry drugs into any country in Asia," (He) told Australian television late on Tuesday. "We have told Australians -- young Australians -- again and again, don't take drugs out of this country, don't take them into Asian countries because you can't expect any mercy," he said."

Now (September) the AFP/government are trying to shirk responsibility for setting up the execution of Australians in Indonesia, by acting as though the death penalty was an unforseen consequence of their "cooperation" with the Indonesian police. -

Political expediancy is responsible for these hypocritical positions. The Australian government also "cooperated" with the Indonesian military in the mass murder of the East Timorese, then 'liberated' them when they saw a chance to steal East Timorese oil and gas. The Howard Government has no ethical position save that of survival and profit for its corporate mates.

We won't bail you out, Howard warns users

In August also - "John Howard... delivered a blunt warning to Australians who get caught with drugs in Asian countries - don't expect the Government to bail you out." -

That's right - expect the Government to assist in your execution in contravention of Australian law and expect the Government to take no responsibility for exporting the death penalty.

NABBED AUSTRALIANS

THE BALI NINE
* Renae Lawrence, 27, Martin Stephens, 29, Scott Rush, 19, Michael Czugaj, 19, Andrew Chan, 21, Matthew James Norman, 18, Si yi Chen, 20, Tach Duc Thanh Nguyen, 27, and Myuran Sukumaran, 24, are on heroin charges and face the death penalty. Trials due to start soon.

MICHELLE LESLIE
* Police allege the 24-year-old Adelaide model was caught last weekend with two ecstasy tablets. Could face 15 years' jail if convicted.

GRAHAM CLIFFORD PAYNE
* The 20-year-old English teacher was allegedly caught last weekend in possession of four syringes and more than 2000 assorted pills on the island of Sumatra. Awaiting results of tests on the pills. Could face the death sentence if convicted.

SCHAPELLE CORBY
* Sentenced to 20 years' jail for allegedly possessing 4.1 kilograms of marijuana. High Court appeal pending. Could have faced the death penalty.

JOHN JULIAN PYLE
* The 42-year-old Adelaide computer expert was convicted last week of possessing 1.8 grams of hashish at his home in Bali's hill resort of Ubud. Sentenced five months in jail, but could have faced four years in prison.

RICHARD JONATHON WARDILL
* The 27-year-old Darwin man was jailed for eight months in February for allegedly possessing four ecstasy pills on the island of Batam. Could have faced six years' jail.

Reporter Mick Lambe 1 October 05

Related:

THE LIFE OF WHALES OVER-RIDES HUMAN LIFE:
Mr Howard has warned Japan that it faces global condemnation if it kills whales. Mr Howard is often quoted as saying he cannot and he would not interfere in the business and laws of sovereign states. Whaling is a part of the Japanese culture. The death penalty is also a part of many countries culture.

THE DEATH PENALTY - WORLDWIDE
During 2004, at least 3,797 people were executed in 25 countries. At least 7,395 people were sentenced to death in 64 countries. These figures are only reported cases - the true figures were certainly much higher - many countries continue to execute people in secret.

WHY IS THE HOWARD GOVERNMENT PLAYING 'DEATH' WITH AUSTRALIANS: There has been much controversy recently on whether the Australian Federal Police should have tipped-off the Indonesians over the arrest of the Bali Nine. Due to the fact that Indonesia executes convicted drug-traffickers, ACADP believes that any evidence collected by AFP should have been withheld from Indonesian authorities until they have a written guarantee not to pursue the death penalty for the Bali Nine.

Death penalty-free zone in Europe and Central Asia
A coalition of non-governmental organizations is calling for a death penalty-free zone in Europe and Central Asia.

THE HIDDEN TRUTH ABOUT EXECUTIONS:
For death row inmates in Indonesia, execution usually comes on a deserted beach or remote jungle at the hands of a paramilitary firing squad. And, it rarely comes fast.

DESTROY CHEMICALS OF MASS DESTRUCTION:
The Australian Coalition Against Death Penalty (ACADP) is (again) calling on U.S. President George W. Bush, to join the civilised world and destroy all chemicals of mass destruction, for the dignity and respect of every human life.

LIFE ON A THREAD:
The difference between life and death can rest on the whim of a president or the ability of a lawyer. Whether or not the death penalty can be justified is very much up for grabs.

THE POT CALLING THE KETTLE BLACK:
US: The American media reports that thousands of Iranians cheered, whistled and clapped as a serial killer was publicly executed in Iran last week.

USA - FEELING THE HEAT FROM INTERNATIONAL FIRE:
The United States of America has withdrawn from an international agreement that gives detained foreign nationals the right to seek assistance and talk to their consular officers.

Corby lawyer pleads for Australian help
Schapelle Corby, 27, is accused of carrying over four kilograms of marijuana into Bali and could be sentenced to death if she is found guilty.

OHIO: Appeals court tosses death sentence for U.S.-British citizen
In Cincinnati, a federal appeals court on Tuesday threw out the conviction and death sentence of a man with dual U.S.-British citizenship who was convicted of killing a 2-year-old girl by starting a fire in his ex-girlfriend's apartment.

THE INNOCENT SCOT ON DEATH ROW IS ALMOST FREE
If you haven't heard about it yet, you will. There's a celebration in the air: Kenny is an innocent man living on death row in an Ohio prison and the authorities may finally acknowledge what we've known all along.

EXPENSES FOR STATE-ASSISTED SUICIDE EXCEEDS $33,000.00
To prepare for Connecticut's first state-sanctioned killing in 45 years, the state Department of Corrections has spent more than US$33,000 on such items as training personnel, drugs (poison), intravenous catheters and tubing, portable restrooms, mobile offices, lighting and curtains for the witness observation room.

Child Offenders on Death Row
Recent Australian studies of alcohol and cannabis use show that girls are increasingly inclined to behave boldly. But boys out number the girls, two to one; and three to one in the juvenile justice system, mortality figures, speeding infringements and car crash statistics.

US death row numbers don't change policy?
The number of prisoners on death row in the United States appears to be falling, mostly credited to a single Governor who commuted the sentences of all the death row prisoners in his state.

Despite Drop in Crime, an Increase in Inmates
US: The number of inmates in state and federal prisons rose 2.1 percent last year, even as violent crime and property crime fell, according to a study by the Justice Department released yesterday.

How Denying the Vote to Ex-Offenders Undermines Democracy
For starters, hundreds of thousands of people who are still eligible to vote will not do so this year because they will be locked up in local jails, awaiting processing or trials for minor offenses.

DNA Evidence of Bipartisanship
Last week the U.S. Congress passed the Justice for All Act, which includes provisions of the Innocence Protection Act. As of this posting, the legislation has not yet been signed by President Bush. Attached is an analysis of the legislation prepared by the Justice Project.

Our Two Priority Bills sent to White House
US: The 8th National CURE Convention last June lobbied on Capitol Hill the Innocence Protection Act in the Senate and the Mentally Ill Offender Treatment and Crime Reduction Act of 2004 in the House. On Sunday, October 10th, Congress passed both bills and sent them to the President to be signed.

THE LAW IS AN ASS:
US: A Californian man who beheaded a german shepherd dog he had named after his girlfriend, has been sentenced to 25 years to life under California's three-strikes law.

SAVE THE LIFE OF NGUYEN TUONG VAN:A PLEA TO SINGAPORE PRESIDENT On behalf of the Australian Coalition Against Death Penalty (ACADP) and in the spirit of respect for human life, I make a heartfelt plea for clemency, compassion and mercy, to spare and save the young life of Nguyen Tuong Van, currently under sentence of death at Changi Prison in Singapore. Nguyen Tuong Van, is a 23-year-old Australian man of Vietnamese origin. Nguyen was arrested at Changi Airport in December 2002, whilst in transit from Cambodia to Australia. He was later charged and convicted of drug-trafficking. In March 2004 he was sentenced to death for his crime.

EXTRADITION ACT FLUSHED DOWN THE TOILET
A long-standing convention not to extradite people out of Australia if they face the death penalty has been abandoned.

BIRTHDAY PROTEST BACKS INNOCENT MAN ON DEATH ROW:
Kids from 3 to 83 years old beat candy labeled "Justice" out of a big Texas-shaped piqata on Aug. 1 as dozens gathered in the Houston City Hall Park to celebrate the 30th birthday of Nanon Williams, an innocent person on Texas death row.

THE LAND OF BIBLES, GUNS, PATRIOTS AND THE 'WORLD ROLE MODEL' FOR HUMAN RIGHTS: The state of Alabama, USA, executed James Barney Hubbard. So what? ... you might say ... America executes prisoners almost every week!

Appealing a Death Sentence Based on Future Danger USA-HOUSTON, June 9 - Texas juries in capital cases must make a prediction. They may impose a death sentence only if they find that the defendant will probably commit more violent acts.

Forensics? In proposing a new death penalty for Massachusetts last month, Governor Mitt Romney offered firm assurance that no innocent people would be executed: Convictions, he said, will be based on science.

Silencing the Cells: Mass Incarceration and Legal Repression in U.S. Prisons People without a voice are not people in any meaningful sense of the word. Silenced people cannot express their ideas; they can neither consent nor protest. They are reduced to being pawns in the schemes of the powerful, mendicants who must accept whatever is imposed upon them. In order to keep people in a state of subjugation, silencing their voices is essential. Nowhere is this clearer than in U.S. prisons.

U.N. Group Seeks End To Executions The United States, Japan, China, India and Muslim nations including Saudi Arabia opposed the resolution. Burkina Faso, Cuba, Guatemala, South Korea and Sri Lanka abstained.

US: Execution Dear Friends, this is so sad especially for our dear friend, San Nguyen. San who lives in Oklahoma worked very hard with the rest of the Vietnamese community to stop Mr. Le's execution. You may remember San from being at CURE's First International Conference in New York City in 2001. San also plans to be at the 8th National Convention this June in Washington. Charlie

Please contact the Governor The Vietnamese-American Community, the ACLU, and many others want the March 30 execution of Huang Thanh Le commuted.

Cherie Blair attacks US over death penalty in Catholic paper Cherie Blair has renewed her attack on America's use of the death penalty. In a book review in the Catholic journal The Tablet, under her maiden name Cherie Booth, she says: "Capital cases are uniquely prone to error and thus call into question whether we can ever be really sure of obtaining the just result.

Death penalty: a lawyer sees the light The observation "Americans are from Mars and Europeans are from Venus" is illustrated by the two nations' differing reactions to the use of the death penalty as a legitimate punishment for murder.

OHIO: Judges join dissent on execution delay In Columbus, 5 federal appeals court judges say a convicted killer's request to delay his execution was illegally denied because 2 senior judges participated in the vote.

Stephen Romei: Death knell sounds for US capital law GEORGE Ryan gets my vote as Australian of the Year, even though he's the outgoing governor of the US state of Illinois. There's just no one I admire more right now, not even Greg's Kables Community News Newtwork..

Mexico Awaits Hague Ruling on Citizens on U.S. Death Row Sbaldo Torres, a convicted murderer on death row in Oklahoma, should have been dead by now, his appeals exhausted, his time up.

Jury Passes On Business Of Killing US: This drives the death penalty crowd in the legislature nuts. Yet another jury - another 12 men and women, tried and true, who had all attested to their belief in the death penalty - has refused to join in the killing business.

Ultimate Punishment Scott Turow has long juggled two careers‹that of a novelist and that of a lawyer. He wrote much of his first and best known legal thriller, Presumed Innocent, on the commuter train to and from work during the eight years he spent as an Assistant United States Attorney in Chicago, and he has churned out another blockbuster every third year since joining the firm of Sonnenschein Nath and Rosenthal in 1986.

A Question of Innocence Rubin Carter: Day after day, week after week, I would sit in that filthy cell, seething. I was furious at everyone. At the two state witnesses who lied, at the police who put them up to it, at the prosecutor who sanctioned it, at the judge who allowed it, at the jury who accepted it, and at my own lawyer, for not being able to defeat it.

Amnesty steps up campaign to abolish death penalty Human rights watchdog Amnesty International is urging people around the world to pressure countries to abolish the death penalty.

'LAND OF THE FREE' SET TO EXECUTE TWO PRISONERS BY FIRING SQUAD: Wanted: Willing executioners for two convicted murderers. Must be psychologically sound and familiar with .30-calibre rifles. No victims' relatives need apply.

TEXAS EXECUTES 300th PRISONER Keith Clay was executed tonight, becoming the 300th prisoner in Texas to die by lethal injection since the rogue state resumed the death penalty 20 years ago.

AUSTRALIAN COALITION AGAINST DEATH PENALTY " ... Our nation was built on a promise of life and liberty for all citizens. Guided by a deep respect for human dignity, our Founding Fathers worked to secure these rights for future generations, and today we continue to seek to fulfil their promise in our laws and our society.

Texas Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty Please note the following article carefully.....it shows clearly the hateful, uncaring and anti-human rights attitude as reflected by the Governor of Texas (and most other elected Texas officials).

Bush rules out death sentence review US President George W Bush says has dismissed any chance of a review of America's system of capital punishment.

Amnesty urges Bush to shut death row Human rights watchdog Amnesty International has urged US President George W. Bush to take a "moral stand" and abolish the death penalty after the Illinois Governor dramatically emptied that state's death row.

USA - A NATION IN TURMOIL: As the year 2002 draws to a close, little if anything, has changed in the United States in regards to state-sanctioned killing. Various campaigns, calls for clemency, petitions, and international condemnation, have failed to humanize U.S. politicians.

Here come de Judge - Time to Leave [266]
There have always been examples of rulings and interpretations that have supported the saying "The law is an ass". This is increasingly the case, because even the best intentioned judges are now facing an avalanche of new technologies and social change. But, it is no good making excuses for the judiciary and continuing to accept their strange interpretations. We must recognise that not only judges but the whole legal system will struggle more and more. In the end the whole system will become a farce. This is the way empires end.

Anyone and everyone is a target

Kurdish deputy Faris Hussein fell to assassins' bullets recently

Nowadays in post-invasion Iraq, everybody is on somebody's hit-list. Different political groups have emerged with totally contradictory interests and views, and some are resorting to violence against rivals.

Iraqi political analyst Liqa Makki said the hit-list phenomenon has in the past afflicted many countries, but Iraq's case is much too complex.

"The most confusing thing about them is the diversity of targets. It is painful to say it, but we have to acknowledge that those who carry out those assassinations have managed to make every Iraqi think that he or she is a potential target somehow," he said.

Iraqi Shia Muslims have coalesced around three blocs. The group which follows the Iranian Shia cleric Ayat Allah Ali al-Sistani sees the US-led invasion as a liberation which snatched the country from the jaws of a "tyrant ruler" who "spread fear and havoc".

The young cleric Muqtada al-Sadr, who derives his authority from his family's religious history, opposes the political process but has no problem participating in it to "stay close to the country's issues". His followers are in constant revolt against both Iraqi and non-Iraqi authorities.

Raghib says he fled Iraq because his name was on a hit-list

Those who follow Baghdad's highest Shia authority, represented by the family of the Grand Al-Khalisi (Shaikh Muhammad Mahdi al-Khalisi, a key participant in the 1920 revolution against the British in Iraq), are totally opposed to the political process and their position is nearly identical to that of Iraqi Sunni Muslims.

Aljazeera.net spoke to several Iraqis investigating the hit-lists.

Kahlil Mashaan, 70, a resident of Baghdad, said he lost his next-door neighbours because of militia terror.

The conflicting interests and absence of order have allowed militias to take the law in their own hands, by forcing their ideologies on people and assassinating individuals who do not agree with them.

"Some months ago we suddenly heard people screaming and women weeping. My wife and I ran to the street to see a dead man on the floor with blood stains all around."

"We found out he was the son-in-law of our neighbour, Samiya al-Aaraji. It turned out later that the assassins were after her son, who was said to be a member of Badr Brigades (the military wing of the Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq - SCIRI)," Kahlil said.

"After that they felt afraid and left us to settle in Najaf. So because of the chaos created by the state of lawlessness, our neighbourhood lost a good family who had lived among us for more than a decade, and used to interact with us closely although they were Shia and our district is mostly Sunni," he said.

Iraq's resistance factions are believed to be behind the assassinations of some members of Shia political parties, accusing them of aiding foreign forces in Iraq.

One faction, the Unified Command of the Mujahideen - Political Committee, recently published a statement on the internet accusing Shia militias and leaders of backing the US-led forces.

The statement, whose authenticity could not be verified by Aljazeera.net, urged Iraqi fighters to kill any Iraqi who backs the "occupiers".

Kurds

The Kurdish- and Shia-led government, backed by occupying US forces, is facing a revolt mainly by Sunni Arabs aimed at bringing it down.

Makki: Everyone [in Iraq nowadays] is a potential target

Kurds are seen by some Iraqis as the main instigators of several unacceptable constitutional articles, namely federalism based on ethnicity, which they see as a potential trigger for Iraq's break-up.

Kurdish parliamentary deputy Faris Hussein was shot dead along with three bodyguards on Saturday night as he travelled to Baghdad from the north. The killing took place near the Shia town of al-Dujail.

Fellow deputy Haider Qassem was wounded, National Assembly spokesman Peshro Saeed said.

Sunni

On 12 September, two Sunni clerics were assassinated in Baquba, 60km north of Baghdad.

"Sheikh Hashem al-Kashali was killed on the spot when armed men opened fire on his car," said Muthanna Ibrahim, who was wounded along with another person.

"Sheikh Mahmoud Ghazzawi, who was wounded, died at the hospital of Baquba where he was admitted," Ibrahim said.

Usually no party claims responsibility for the assassination of Sunni Muslim clerics and activists, but the general perception among Iraqis is that militias of Shia ruling parties are doing the job.

Shia parties have, however, - strenuously denied the accusation.

Umar Raghib, a member of Iraq's Association of Muslim Scholars who fled Iraq to Jordan in July, said he was arrested by Iraqi police and then fled the country when he learned that his name was on a hit-list.

"They have been targeting us (Sunni scholars) - all my colleagues have been either detained for an indefinite period or assassinated," he told Aljazeera.net.

"They tortured me savagely; they used to hang me upside down and whip me. The problem is they were never clear about what exactly they wanted from me," he said.

Al-Khalisi, a key participant in the 1920 revolution

"When I was released after intervention by the association, my sources told me that I was on a hit-list, so I left my country."

Several human-rights groups have denounced what they said was torture at the hands of Iraqi police.

The Ministry of Human Rights in July launched an investigation into alleged torture by police. The report is supposed to be submitted to the ministries of interior and justice, but no information has been available about its progress.

Turkmen


The oil-rich Iraqi city of Kirkuk has been the subject of deep disagreement between the Kurds and other Iraqis.

Kurds insist the city should join their intended self-rule region in northern Iraq, but other Iraqis, especially the Turkmen, say the city has never been Kurdish and Turkmen there have lived in harmony with other ethnic groups.

On 14 September, unknown assailants killed the Turkmen leader Qassab Uglu in Kirkuk. The official in the Turkmen Front was a victim of a drive-by shooting, according to witnesses at the scene.

Turkmen officials were not available to comment on Uglu's assassination, but Najati Kalatchi, the secretary-general of the Committee for Defending Turkmen Rights, said suspicion had fallen on the Kurds.

"Who else other than Kurds would target the Turkmen? We have lived in harmony even with the Arabs brought to the city by Saddam Hussein's government."

Haroun Muhammad suggests the Badr Brigades is taking revenge

Kalatchi said: "Actually, the people of Kirkuk including Kurds did not have a problem with each other. The problem is with those Kurds who were brought to Kirkuk after the occupation from all over Iraq and the neighbouring countries, in order to increase the number of Kurds and become a majority in the city."

"They are brainwashed that Turkmen and Arabs are the Kurds' enemy."

Former soldiers


Members of the former Iraqi army and air force who fought in the eight-year Iran-Iraq war have been targeted all over Iraq.

London-based Iraqi political analyst Haroun Muhammad suggests that the Badr Brigades, which was founded and is supported by Iran, is waging a revenge campaign.

"Until the 1st of last June, seven Iraqi pilots who took part in the war with Iran had been assassinated, among them Air Force Major-General Abd al-Rahman Muhammad Ali and Air Force Major-General Bahaa al-Din Muhei al-Din, who were assassinated in the Baladiyat district east of Baghdad city.

"There are 160 other pilots on the hit-list of the Badr Brigades," Muhammad told Aljazeera.net.

Another hit list has been compiled by militias loyal to countries bordering Iraq, Muhammad said, and targets 360 officers of the former Iraqi army who were decorated with more than five Bravery Medals (given by Saddam Hussein to distinguished soldiers) during the war with Iran.

"This list consists of officers and non-commissioned officers from all over Iraq. This list has been leaked somehow, and as a result of that, those [officers] who live in the south in Shia-dominated areas have fled their homes and settled in specific districts in Baghdad, which are regarded relatively safe," Muhammad said.

Officials

Politically, the ousted Baath Party is in armed confrontation with the new rulers of Iraq. The once-fierce opponents of the Baath Party, the Shia Dawa Party and the SCIRI, are ruling the country now, and the Baath Party is fighting back.

Actually, the people of Kirkuk including Kurds did not have a problem with each other. The problem is with those Kurds who were brought to Kirkuk after the occupation from all over Iraq and the neighbouring countries, in order to increase the number of Kurds and become a majority in the city"

Najati Kalatchi

On 10 September, Adnan Abd al-Hamza, a major-general in the Ministry of Interior, was assassinated in al-Ghazaliya district west of Baghdad.

On the same day, Awad Eissa, a general manager in the Ministry of Agriculture, was shot dead as he was travelling in his car in Abu Ghraib, west of Baghdad.

Many factions deem Iraqi officials as traitors and collaborators who work in a "puppet government" formed by a foreign invading force.

Officials have been receiving threats to quit their jobs or be killed.

Scholars

The assassinations of Iraqi scientists started shortly after the US-led invasion of Iraq, Muhammed said. In the beginning it was thought that the target was scientists who worked in Iraq's former programme of weapons of mass destruction.

But the assassinations have taken the lives of many experts in fields that have nothing to do with weapons and military sciences, such as Arabic and history.

"Iranian-backed militias hold teachers of Arabic and history as allies with Saddam's government, neglecting the fact that they were doing their jobs within a sovereign country, which had its own point of view in its history."

"As for scientists, it is clear that several foreign forces are interested in evicting Iraq of its qualified people," Muhammad said.

The Ministry of Higher Education has announced that 146 university professors were assassinated in the past two years.

By Ahmed Janabi posted 1 October 05

Aljazeera + Agencies

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